A fractional-order model of COVID-19 and Malaria co-infection

Livinus Loko Iwa; Andrew Omame; Simeon Chioma Inyama

doi:10.59292/bulletinbiomath.2024006

Authors

Livinus Loko Iwa Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7917-8682
Andrew Omame Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-1650
Simeon Chioma Inyama Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-5890

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59292/bulletinbiomath.2024006

Keywords:

COVID-19, Malaria, vaccination, co-infection, model-fitting, simulations

Abstract

This paper explores the co-infection dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Malaria using Caputo-type fractional derivative to further understand the disease interactions and implement effective control strategies. We demonstrate the positivity and boundedness of the solution through Laplace transform techniques and establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution, showcasing model stability using fractional-order stability theory. Simulation experiments across varying fractional orders and disease classes offer insights into the co-infection dynamics. This is a new model and the findings underscore the potential impact of control measures on mitigating co-infection under endemic conditions. We conclude that infection with malaria does not guarantee immunity to COVID-19 and infection with COVID-19 as well does not guarantee immunity to malaria.

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